In August 2025, President Donald Trump declared a “crime emergency” in Washington, D.C., invoking Section 740 of the District of Columbia Home Rule Act to place the D.C. Metropolitan Police Department under federal control. He also deployed roughly 800 National Guard troops to the city, with additional federal law enforcement agencies to assist. Trump framed this as a bold, “historic action” to restore order in the capital, calling it “Liberation Day in D.C.” and warning of rampant crime, “bedlam,” and homelessness.

But critics immediately challenged the justification. Local crime statistics actually show that violent crime in D.C. has dropped significantly, reaching a 30-year low, according to Metropolitan Police data and other sources.  D.C. leaders, including Mayor Muriel Bowser, called Trump’s move “unsettling” and “unprecedented,” with some legal experts warning it undermines democratic norms and local governance.

Legal battles quickly followed. On September 4, 2025, D.C. Attorney General Brian Schwalb filed a lawsuit accusing Trump of illegally deploying out-of-state National Guard troops and forcibly federalizing the city’s police force — “a sovereign injury” to the District, he argued. The suit contends that using armed military personnel to police the city violates the Home Rule Act and encroaches on D.C.’s right to self-govern.

Tensions are fueling political fights, too. Democrats in Congress introduced a joint resolution to block or reverse Trump’s takeover, calling the president’s narrative about crime misleading and accusing him of attacking D.C.’s autonomy.  Representative Eleanor Holmes Norton condemned the move, warning it could set a dangerous precedent undermining D.C. self-rule — especially since many local officials and residents were never consulted.

Meanwhile, Mayor Bowser responded strategically. On September 2, she issued an executive order mandating indefinite coordination with federal law enforcement, establishing a mechanism for joint operations while preserving parts of D.C.’s authority. Her decision reflects a pragmatic choice: acknowledging Trump’s temporary federal control while securing a role for the city beyond the 30-day legal window.

At its core, the saga underscores deep and fraught questions about power, federalism, and democracy. Trump argues his actions are about restoring public safety, but opponents warn of a dangerous overreach — a playbook that could be used elsewhere. Legal scholars and civil-rights advocates say the deployment threatens local autonomy and could erode long-standing limits on federal intervention in municipal affairs. Meanwhile, the deployment has become a test case of how much control the president can exert over a city that lacks statehood but holds outsized national symbolism.