The U.S. Supreme Court has agreed to review a significant case that could reshape federal campaign finance law. The case, National Republican Senatorial Committee v. Federal Election Commission, centers on whether federal limits on how much money political parties can spend to support individual candidates violate the First Amendment’s free speech protections.

The challenge was brought by the National Republican Senatorial Committee (NRSC), the National Republican Congressional Committee (NRCC), and Republican Senate candidates including JD Vance, now Vice President. They argue the restrictions block parties from fully supporting candidates, infringing on their rights to associate and advocate freely.

The case could undermine the 1971 Federal Election Campaign Act, a longstanding piece of legislation designed to control money in politics. A decision from the Court’s 6-3 conservative majority could have far-reaching consequences for future elections.

This review comes during a time of historic campaign spending. According to the FEC, presidential candidates in 2024 raised over $2 billion and spent nearly $1.8 billion. The case is expected to be one of the Supreme Court’s most high-profile of the upcoming term.

Unusually, the Trump-aligned Justice Department has sided with the NRSC, opposing the very legislation it typically defends. They cited free speech concerns, calling this a rare case warranting deviation from the general rule of defending federal laws.

Meanwhile, Democratic committees such as the DNC and DSCC are stepping in to defend the lower court’s ruling upholding the spending caps. Their involvement highlights the partisan stakes tied to campaign finance.

In other recent decisions, the Supreme Court restricted the use of “nationwide injunctions,” judicial orders that block laws for the entire country. These had frustrated the Trump administration by halting parts of its agenda. The ruling now limits such sweeping judicial actions.

Lastly, the Court delayed its decision on Louisiana’s congressional maps, meaning current districts will likely remain until at least 2028. The Court is now heading into summer recess but may release additional rulings before the new term begins in October.