⚠️ Medications That May Harm Brain Function

1. Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)

   • Example: Omeprazole, Lansoprazole

   • Risk: Linked to cognitive decline with prolonged use.

   • Why: May affect nutrient absorption (e.g. B12), vital for brain health.

2. Anticholinergics

   • Used for: Parkinson’s, overactive bladder

   • Risk: Block acetylcholine, increasing dementia risk by up to 54%.

   • Includes some sleep aids and older antihistamines like diphenhydramine.

3. Corticosteroids

   • Used for: Inflammation, autoimmune disorders

   • Risk: Long-term use may cause confusion, anxiety, depression, and raise dementia risk.

4. Benzodiazepines

   • Example: Diazepam, Alprazolam

   • Risk: Memory problems, dependence, and higher risk of Alzheimer’s with prolonged use.

5. Amphetamines

   • Used for: ADHD

   • Risk: Potential for memory loss and long-term cognitive effects with chronic use.

6. First-Generation Antihistamines

   • Example: Diphenhydramine

   • Risk: Anticholinergic properties linked to memory decline.

   • Alternative: Second-generation options like cetirizine are safer for long-term use.

7. Tricyclic Antidepressants

   • Example: Amitriptyline

   • Risk: Anticholinergic side effects contribute to cognitive issues, especially in older adults.

8. Statins

   • Example: Simvastatin

   • Risk: Mixed evidence — some report memory problems, others show potential dementia protection.