Cholesterol is a waxy, fatty substance vital for various bodily functions, including hormone production and building cells. While the body needs cholesterol to operate properly, excessive levels in the blood can pose serious health risks. It is produced naturally by the liver and also consumed through animal-based foods like meat and dairy.
There are several types of cholesterol, each with different health implications. LDL (low-density lipoprotein) is often labeled the “bad” cholesterol because high levels can lead to plaque buildup in the arteries, increasing the risk of heart attack and stroke.
HDL (high-density lipoprotein) is known as the “good” cholesterol. It helps remove excess cholesterol from the bloodstream, transporting it to the liver for elimination. A higher HDL level generally lowers the risk of cardiovascular disease.
VLDL (very low-density lipoprotein) is another harmful form of cholesterol. It carries triglycerides in the blood and, like LDL, can contribute to plaque formation and artery blockage.
Maintaining healthy cholesterol levels is essential for heart health. Regular cholesterol testing helps identify problems early. Adopting lifestyle changes such as eating more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, exercising regularly, and avoiding tobacco can significantly improve cholesterol profiles.
Medical treatment may be necessary for some individuals. Statins are the most common prescription medications to lower LDL cholesterol. While effective, they can cause side effects in some users, including muscle pain or liver issues.
Dietary approaches such as the DASH or Ornish diets focus on plant-based, fiber-rich foods and limiting saturated fats. These diets can naturally reduce LDL and improve overall heart health.
Supplements like garlic, soluble fiber, phytosterols, and niacin may also assist in managing cholesterol levels. However, their effects vary, and it is essential to consult a healthcare provider before starting any supplement or making major dietary changes to ensure safety and effectiveness.
